Wu Medical Center used neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury in a progress report

 By:Li-Ke Wu, Xiaojuan Wang, Bo Cheng, Saichun Chu, Shuangshuang Liu, Xinrui Xu, Fang Peng, Xiang Wang, Xueyan Feng

Wu Medical Center, Bejing, China
    
Spinal cord injury(SCI)can cause damage below the motor, sensory and the sphincters. Because nerve damage cannot be recycled, there is no effective SCI treatment in the traditional methods. With the development of stem cell technology in Wu Medical Center more and more patients are continuously getting benefit from it.
     Although stem cell therapy has been constantly updated, the treatment effect in many treatment facilities are not satisfactory because of varieties of reasons. Based on our research and clinical experiences we summarized as follows:
     (1) Nerve can not regenerate after necrosis, resulting in ineffective treatment.
     (2)Transplanted neural stem cells (NSC) cannot survive in the pathological environment, and cannot differentiate into functional spinal nerves due ischemia and hypoxia.
SCI can result from pathological responses including spinal nerve ischemia, free radical damage, lack of neurotransmitters, a large number of inflammatory factors’ appearance, which will cause spinal nerve necrosis and fall injury. The transplanted immature nerve can not survive in this environment.
     (3) The current research shows the only efficacious treatment to SCI is neural stem cells (NSC), but also requires a complex body cells and clinician control. Currently cell therapy’s reasons for failure: One is incorrect cells treatment, including mesenchymal stem cells within the spinal cord transplantation, in abstracto the rate is very small that it differentiate into neurocyte, the other is transplante NSC or mesenchymal stem cells or other stem cell through the blood vessels to treat SCI or SCI sequelae, the transplanted cells can not penetrate the blood-spinal cord barrier or the blood-brain barrier.
     (4) The NSC is transplanted by operating in spinal cord, the nerve cone that grows in myeleterosis area or NSC growth area cannot penetrate the formed scar tissue. NSC can not work well in hypoxic environment and scar tissue, coupled with the risk of surgical trauma can be the cause of treatment failure.
The problems we have been resolving in research and years of practices:
     (1) Although necrotic nerve can not regenerate, but the nerve replacement therapy is a new and effective method of treatment.
     (2) Transplanted NSC only survive in the tissue that has been improved. It needs a series of clinical control, such as drugs to repair tissues or reconstruct organs.
     (3) NSC locates in the lesion area, generate function, grow into adult nerve cells, and requires a variety of clinical techniques that include: Improved transplant technology, positioning technology and support growth technology. At the same time the process takes a long time to detect and control.
     (4) Pros and cons selecting of NSC transplantation approaches. The doctors used horseley-Clarke technique ported the cells directly to the lesion area in the past, but: A: there was a risk of bleeding in the spinal cord, B: Transplanted immature cells were difficult to survive in the lesion area because of lack of oxygen. At present our latest positioning technology is gene targeting technology, induced stem cells in the lesion area of cytokine concentration gradient based on positioning method which contains soften scar technology, that will help cells reach lesions and nerve cell cones can grow.

 

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